Different veins - pathological stretching of the walls of peripheral veins, accompanied by failure of the valve apparatus and disturbance of the local blood flow.The changed vessels appear to be extended, windings, bloating in the form of surface nodes.The main section of the lesion is the veins of the lower limbs.The patient's first complaint may be limited to a cosmetic defect in the form of vascular networks.Against the background of the progression of the disease, a feeling of heaviness in the legs and convulsions is joined. Varicose veins, as a rule, are more often worried by women.The most common localization is the subcutaneous veins of the legs, a little less often -the hips.There is a group of factors provoking pathological stretching of the vascular wall: from external influences ending with genetic predisposition.It is worth familiar with the causes of varicose veins of your feet.
The causes of varicose veins
Against the background of the valve apparatus disorders and an increase in blood flow, there is a constant expansion of the vascular lumen.The composition of the venous walls includes connective tissue, which with excessive stretching is not able to reduce to the original state.The symptoms of varicose veins of the affected veins are progressed: the blood moving on the outstretched vessels is stagnant, exerting even more exertion on them.This in turn leads to disorders of the trophism of the surrounding tissues.
Basic
The causes of varicose veins are numerous and can be combined with each other.Leading factors include:
- Characteristics of physical activity.Varicose veins are common in men engaged in constant weight lifting (hamal).People from professions associated with prolonged standing on their feet (hairdressers), sitting (office workers) are also subject to illness.
- Obesity.It is used for a significant number of overweight.
- Hormonal changes.For example, the causes of varicose veins in women are a reduction in vascular tone during pregnancy in the background of progesterone production, taking any drug hormone active drugs.
- Heredity.There are some cases of inheritance of the structure of the connective tissue structure that increase the likelihood of taking care of varicose veins.
Secondary
Both the lifestyle characteristics and some types of diseases can impair impaired venous blood flow.Secondary causes of varicose veins:
- Unknown shoes, symptoms of varicose veins in women (weight in the legs, cramps, vascular network) - a common consequence of prolonged walking with high heels.
- Excessively tight clothes.
- Irrational sports (lifting bar).
- Diseases of the internal organs and systemic and varicose veins due to severe chronic cardiovascular failure.
- Arteriovenous shunts are a pathological transfer of arterial blood to the venous canal.
- Education that presses on surrounding ships.
- Stress due to the general disorder of the regulation of the tone of arteries and veins.
Stages
Varicose of the lower limbs is not a simultaneous pathology, but a gradually developing process.Several types of classifications are used in medical practice.
The simplest and most universal shares 3 degrees:
- Compensation - small cosmetic defects without characteristic complaints.
- Subcompensated - progression of stagnation, development of classic symptoms.
- Decompensation - joining complications of varicose veins.
The search among specialists is the clinical classification developed in 2000, the varicose veins of the legs include 4 stages:
- Different veins of subcutaneous or intradermal veins that are not accompanied by a violation of the ejection of venous blood.
- Segmental varicose veins with the disposal of venous blood into the veins of the lower limbs (superficial).
- Extensive varicose veins with the same discharge as in the previous stage.
- Disposing of venous blood into deep vessels.
Symptoms
The clinical course of varicose veins depends directly on the stage of the disease.In the early stages, complaints only refer to external defects in the form of vascular networks and stars of the legs.The following symptoms are later joined:
- Different veins, the appearance of vascular subcutaneous nodes.
- Feeling of gravity, rapid fatigue of the legs.
- Swelling of the lower limbs, often asymmetrical.
- Pain syndrome, to seizures, especially expressed at the end of the day.
Varicose veins, if you do not start treatment, can continue to cause metabolic disorders in the surrounding tissues.Initially, this will appear in the form of dryness, pigmentation of the skin.In the decompensation phase, trophic ulcers appear, which are difficult to cure.
Which doctor is involved in treating varicose veins
If symptoms occur, suspicions of varicose veins of the legs, you should consult a specialist.The specialist will determine the severity of the disease and prescribe conservative treatment.If there are indications of surgery, the doctor directs the patient to the vascular surgeon.
Diagnostics
To determine the fact of the disease, there is a sufficiently ordinary examination by the doctor.In order to clarify the stage of varicose veins and determine therapeutic tactics, these methods of study are used:
- Clinical, biochemical blood test - are included in the standard minimum.
- Ultrasound Doppler is an assessment of the patency of the vessels, the general condition of the blood flow.
- Ultrasound duplex scan - combines standard tissue ultrasound.
- Devasography is an assessment of the level of limb hemodynamics.
- Angiography is an invasive radiological study based on the introduction of contrast matter in court.
Treatment
Varicose veins on the legs are a pathology in the fight that requires an integrated approach.The type of treatment depends on the stage of the disease.In the initial stages, they are limited to prescribing medicines and non -invasive procedures.With the progression of varicose veins, they resort to surgery.
Medication
A number of medicines can be considered not only as part of conservative therapy, but also as preventative medicines to prevent varicose veins or its complications.The agents are produced in several forms: ointments, gels for external use, tablets, capsules.Taking any of the medicines should be agreed with the doctor.Leg pain, swelling of varicose veins - symptoms that successfully occupy conservative therapy in the early stages.In general, they use medicines with tonic, anticoagulant, moderate anti -inflammatory effects.Treatment, as a rule, begins with the following remedies for local influence:
- With sodium heparin.
- Combined.
Procedure
The treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs is based on the following mechanisms: improving regional blood flow through physical activity, artificial narrowing of blood vessels, using external compression or complete overlap of the lumen of the affected vein.
Non -invasive methods:
- Therapeutic gymnastics.
- Wearing compression knitwear.
Invasive procedures:
- Sclerotherapy.It is based on the introduction of substances with sticky properties.The block of blocking is excluded from the total blood flow.The manipulation is shown with the initial symptoms of varicose veins of the lower limbs.Not suitable for removing too large nodes.
- Ozone therapy.In principle, it is similar to the previous methodology.The introduction of ozone helps fight vascular stars.
Folk methods
The use of funds in this category requires a mandatory conversation with the attending physician.Folk recipes can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but not completely heal.For this reason, they should only be considered an auxiliary agent.
Examples of recipes:
- Put 3 apples in boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 4 hours.Drink softened apples, leave in a pan, mix.Tension.Add honey (1 tablespoon spoon) to the resulting solution before use).Take half a brush before meals.
- Horse chestnut ointment.Proportions - 5 chestnut fruits, 5 tablespoons of its flowers, 500 ml from the base (vegetable oil or oil jelly).Grind the raw materials, mix all the components.Put in a water bath, keep no more than 3 hours.Tension.
Surgery
Surgical treatment is the ability to choose when therapeutic methods for combating varicose veins are not effective.Several surgical techniques have been developed currently, which differ in the degree of invasiveness.Types of procedures in increasing the volume of surgery:
- Laser coagulation of leg vessels.It is divided into endovasal and contactless.In the first case, we are talking about the installation of a laser coagulator in the lumen of the affected vessel under local anesthesia, in the second to use a laser without disturbing the integrity of the skin.The purpose of the methodology is to "cauterize" the affected area.Suitable for cases where varicose veins do not exceed a diameter of 10 mm.
- Flbectomy.This is a radical surgical method for eliminating varicose veins.The treatment is based on the direct removal of the affected court.It is performed under general anesthesia under working conditions.
Complications
What are varicose veins of the legs?Initially, it was a low -symbomic disease filled with serious complications as it progresses.It should be understood that swollen veins are a potential threat to overall health.
Phlebitis
It is an inflammation of the venous wall.Flebitis is caused by its excessive stretching and as a result the micro -trauma of the inner mucosa of the vessel.This is the most frequent complication of varicose veins located on the legs.As a rule, the symptoms are asymmetrically manifested.The first complaint that suspicious can be suspicious is the appearance of a dull sick pain that increases when it touches the affected area.The site of inflammation is compacted, the skin becomes hyperemic, warm in connection.With the development of acute phlebitis, the pain becomes burning, unbearable, the coating above the sore spot turns a bright red color.
Thrombophlebitis
The stated complication of varicose veins arises as a rule, follows the previous one.The mechanism of occurrence is the formation of a blood clot in the inflamed area of the vein.Floting thrombus is particularly dangerous.One part of it is fixed to the vascular wall and the other fluctuates freely in the lumen in the rhythm of the bloodstream.The "tail" formed by the waist -affected, varicose vein risks breaking away and flying to the heart.Symptoms of lower limb vein thrombophlebitis are similar to signs of phlebitis.Hyperthermia, chills and weakness can further join them.Given the potential danger of such a condition, in the presence of these complaints, you should consult a doctor as quickly as possible.
Phlebotrombosis
The complication of varicose veins caused by the impact of the blood clots in the lumen of deep veins.The symptoms depend directly on the location of the blood clot.For example, if it has formed at the level of the calf muscle, the feeling of cracking will be impaired, the swelling will spread to the ankle.The edema and pain syndrome is distributed in the lower limb when Bloodboard enters the venous network at the level of the abdominal cavity.Phlebotrombosis is often difficult to diagnose.The symptoms of this complication of varicose veins often have a lubricated clinical picture, and the pathology is already manifested in the form of any life -threatening condition.With the timely detection of a complication, the doctor can resort not only to conservative but also with surgical treatment.
Pulmonary artery thromboembolism (pulmonary
A blood clot, which was detached from the venous wall, moves to the correct parts of the heart, and then pressed into the pulmonary artery, causing the blocking of its branches.Depending on the caliber of the affected vessels, the flow of pathology varies from asymptomatic to acute, lightning fast.Signs of bodies:
- Sudden shortness of breath - the patient "catches" air with his mouth like a fish.
- Tachycardia.
- Algic syndrome is characterized by pain like a heart attack.
- General weakness.
- Increasing the temperature to subfebrile numbers (37-38 ° C).
- Skin blue, cast iron shade.
- Cough.
- Slem.
This consequence of varicose veins is the conquest of life and requires emergency measures.Treatment is performed in a resuscitation department.In addition to the above complications, other consequences of varicose veins may occur:
- Trophic ulcers are one of their worst symptoms of varicose veins.
- Bleeding from a broken vein.
- Dermatitis.
Prevention
The disease can be alerted before the symptoms of varicose veins occur.Prevention measures include:
- Competent distribution of physical activity.It is recommended to alternate walking with a seat.With a high predisposition to varicose veins, it is worth excluding the cultivation of heavy loads, work associated with prolonged standing of the legs.
- Wearing comfortable shoes and clothes.The permissible height of the heel does not exceed 4 cm.
- Body weight adjustment.Normal weight is an indicator that significantly reduces the likelihood of symptoms of varicose veins.
- The use of compression knitwear (as prescribed by a doctor).If a feeling of heaviness, fatigue in the legs against the background of physical activity, work associated with a long -term position, we are talking about laundry at the 1st degree of compression.
- Foot massage (only in the absence of pronounced varicose veins).It can be done independently.
What are varicose veins?This is a section of the walls of the peripheral veins, the appearance of which is more linked to the characteristics of the lifestyle.In the initial stages, he creates the illusion of "harmless activity".However, the underestimation of the insidious vein of the varicose veins is fraught with complications that are difficult to remove.With the help of simple preventative measures, you can prevent not only the pathology itself, but also avoid its distant dangerous consequences.